Ultrasound has become an indispensable tool in modern clinical medicine because of its non-invasive nature, absence of ionizing radiation, real-time capability, relatively low cost, and ease of operation. It plays an important role in applications ranging from routine health examinations to the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. In experiments on ultrasonic sound-speed measurement and its applications, the propagation of ultrasonic waves and their interactions with media are not directly observable, which limits teaching effectiveness and makes it difficult for students to establish an intuitive physical picture and understand abstract concepts. To address these difficulties, this study uses Comsol Multiphysics to simulate the experimental processes. The results show good agreement between the simulated and experimental results. Moreover, the visualized sound-pressure distributions clearly reproduce the propagation of ultrasonic waves in different media and their interactions at interfaces. These simulations help students deepen their understanding of the experimental processes and principles, improve their ability to apply relevant knowledge, stimulate their interest in experimental exploration, and provide a useful reference for integrating numerical simulation with experimental teaching.