Fresh water is the fundamental resource for human survival and social development. With global population growth and rapid economic development, the demand for clean water resources has increased significantly, and the supply of fresh water resources is facing severe challenges. Boron is an essential micronutrient for organisms. Excessive or insufficient concentration of boron will both have adverse effects on vital activities. Therefore, controlling the boron concentration in domestic water within standard range is of great significance for ensuring the safety of water resources. In recent years, to improve the efficiency and applicability of boron removal technologies, researchers have made remarkable progress in the development of efficient boron removal materials and the optimization of related technigues. Based on the strict standards for boron content in aqueous solutions, this paper systematically summarizes the latest research advances in boron removal materials and membrane separation technologies. Meanwhile, it further analyzes the improvement potential of membrane separation technologies in practical applications, in light of their core advantages and current limitations. Finally, it propects the research directions of next-generation high-efficiency and low-consumption boron removal materials and technologies, providing scientific basis and technical support for optimization and industrial application of boron removal technologies in water.