Building on the discrete host-parasitoid model of Wu and Zhao (2018), we have proposed a discrete-time predator-prey system with Ricker-type prey growth, prey refuge, and predator hunting cooperation. Analytical results showed that when the prey growth rate is moderate and the predator reproduction number exceeds one, the system is uniformly persistent: both predator and prey populations are guaranteed to remain above a strictly positive lower bound in the long term, for all positive initial conditions, regardless of the strength of hunting cooperation. We further established global asymptotic stability of the predator-free equilibrium under a sufficient condition requiring the predator nullcline to lie entirely beyond the normalized prey carrying capacity, and we identified a related condition under which a predator-extinct
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AIMS Mathematics 2026, 11(7): 21412-21440
Published: 15 July 2026
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