The concealed lifestyle and damaging habits of wood-boring insects pose significant challenges for their monitoring and control. Based on the distribution characteristics of wood-boring insects inside and outside the host tree, this paper describes the effects of environmental conditions such as high and low temperatures on the survival and development of wood-boring insects at different developmental stages. Subsequently, the temperature adaptation of wood-boring insects is analyzed from three perspectives: behavioral adaptation, physiological adaptation, and ecological adaptation. On this basis, the methods for monitoring wood-boring insects and predicting their potential distribution areas are summarized, and possible future directions for monitoring and risk early-warning research are discussed.