In this paper, we investigate how users perceive the visual quality of crowd character representations at different levels of detail (LoD) and viewing distances. Each representation, including geometric meshes, image-based impostors, neural radiance fields (NeRFs), and 3D Gaussians, exhibits distinct trade-offs between visual fidelity and computational performance. Our qualitative and quantitative results provide insights to guide the design of perceptually optimized LoD strategies for crowd rendering.
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Year
Open Access
Research Article
Issue
Computational Visual Media 2026, 12(4): 1025-1034
Published: 22 September 2026
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