The improvement of public security technology holds significant practical importance for combating illegal crimes and maintaining social stability. The progress of public security technology is inextricably linked to the support of scientific research projects. Based on the literature data from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), this article employs quantitative analysis tools, such as knowledge graphs, to conduct a data-driven analysis of scientific and technological literature published between 2018 and 2023, which was funded by basic research business expense projects. The research primarily encompasses trend analysis of publication quantities, the distribution patterns of research topics, disciplines, journals, authors, and institutions. Three major aspects how basic research business expenses support the development of public security science and technology have been summarized: providing continuous and systematic support for basic research, effectively enhancing cooperation and exchange among institutions, and fostering interdisciplinary integration and innovative collaborations. Furthermore, the management mode of basic research business expenses is explored from five perspectives: adhering to demand orientation, enhancing management proficiency, prioritizing young talent, innovating organizational models, and incubating high-level projects.