The Experimental Physics Teaching Center of the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University has carried out the improvement and teaching practice of a series of fundamental physics experiment courses based on “integration of science and education” and a “modular platform”. This paper elaborates on the overall design philosophy and teaching practices. Efforts have been strengthened in building research-oriented and challenging experiment such as coaxial photonic crystals and rotating fiber-optic interferometers. Open and transparent teaching platforms combining general-purpose instruments with self-developed modular has been adopted. A progressive “foundation-comprehensive-research” teaching model has been implemented to promote personalized teaching. Teaching practice shows that the courses have stimulated students’ interest in learning and achieved positive results.