Radiopharmaceuticals play an indispensable role in the precise diagnosis and treatment of major diseases. Based on the latest regulations and policies related to radiopharmaceuticals issued in China in 2024, relevant literature published by Chinese researchers in domestic and international journals, and the latest clinical research developments in China, this review systematically summarizes the major advances in radiopharmaceutical research in China. It covers the analysis of relevant policies and regulations, breakthroughs in basic research, developments in clinical research, and the latest R&D advances made by Chinese radiopharmaceutical companies. Finally, the future prospects of China’s radiopharmaceutical field are discussed.