Compared with traditional cast-in place piers, prefabricated piers have many advantages and been applied in an increasing number of bridge structures in recent years. However, inferior seismic performance hinders the development of these innovative piers. Improvement methods for the seismic performance of prefabricated piers have thus been studied. However, systematic discussions on the advantages and disadvantages, applicability, and concepts of these methods are limited. Thus, this study comprehensively compares and analyzes improvements in the seismic performance of prefabricated piers. The background of the problem is first discussed. The main measures for improving the seismic performance of these structures are then summarized and classified into four categories. Furthermore, concepts and methods relevant to these measures are analyzed. Finally, main issues that warrant further study are proposed. This work provides reference for the future research and engineering practice of prefabricated bridge piers.