As an important in-situ resource for the construction of lunar space stations, the lunar soil geopolymer is vital for promoting deep space exploration. On the Moon, a lunar base is often subjected to extreme temperatures from day to night and meteorite impact shock loads, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact resistance of traditional simulated lunar soil geopolymers are substandard. Aimed at the extreme environmental conditions on the Moon, the impact resistance of simulated lunar soil geopolymers under extreme lunar environments was improved by adding polypropylene fibers(PPFs), and falling hammer impact tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens with two impact energies of 5 J and 10 J. The effects of different temperatures on the impact resistance and fiber crack resistance of simulated lunar soil geopolymers were studied from aspects such as the mechanical strength, number of impacts, energy consumption and damage morphology. Based on mathematical and statistical modeling, the results of impact tests were examined for their reasonableness, and life prediction was also performed. Test results showed that the strengths and impact resistance of the simulated lunar soil geopolymers at high temperatures were significantly improved compared with those at room temperature. With a decrease in temperature, their strengths and impact resistance decreased to some extent, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact resistance of each test group reached their lowest values when temperature dropped to –60 ℃. A fiber length of 6 mm with a doping amount of 0.4%(mass fraction) was the optimal doping combination for fiber-reinforced simulated lunar soil geopolymers. A Weibull distribution model was used to check the impact resistance test results and predict the life, and the values of correlation coefficient R² of measured samples were all greater than 0.800. Through a comparison with the measured data, it was found that the trend of damage impact life at different failure probabilities was consistent with those of measured values, indicating that the two-parameter Weibull distribution can reasonably describe the distribution characteristics of the number of times of impact resistance for PPF-reinforced simulated lunar soil geopolymers. The research results in this paper can provide a scientific basis for the selection of construction materials of lunar research stations in the future.