With the accelerating global trend of population aging, health management and science-based education for aging populations have become core public health priorities, and the synergistic integration of medical technology and education provides an innovative pathway to address this challenge. This review finds that theories including Social Cognitive Theory and Self-efficacy Theory offer a robust theoretical foundation for health education among aging populations, and that the application of digital tools—such as smartphone applications and wearable devices—significantly enhances educational effectiveness. However, current practices still face challenges including the digital divide and ethical concerns. Future efforts should promote personalized and intelligent development in science-based education for aging populations through interdisciplinary collaboration, technological optimization, and policy support, ultimately achieving healthy aging objectives.