Aircraft taxiing represents a critical phase in air transportation systems, where efficiency, safety, and carbon emissions converge as key challenges. Amid increasing flight volumes and operational pressures, traditional full engine taxiing and dispatch towing taxiing have revealed significant limitations, including prolonged taxi times, elevated risks of ground collisions, and substantial fuel consumption. Three contemporary ground taxiing technologies—single-engine taxiing, semi-robotic dispatch towing, and onboard electric/hydraulic taxiing systems—are thoroughly reviewed in this paper along with their practical applications. The potential and constraints of each technology in enhancing taxiing efficiency, improving safety, and reducing fuel consumption and emissions are analyzed. Additionally covered are typical roadblocks like airport compatibility and airworthiness certification. Based on this review, a phased implementation strategy is proposed: near-term efforts should focus on optimizing single-engine taxiing operations, gradually expanding the application of semi-robotic dispatch towing systems, and exploring the feasibility of zero-emission onboard taxiing technologies. This approach aims to provide actionable insights and practical directions for optimizing ground operations and reducing emissions at major airports in China.