This study aims to develop and evaluate a low-cost suppression jamming experimental platform using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The platform’s ability to generate multiple types of suppression jamming signals in a controlled wired-loop environment was assessed. The proposed platform provides a flexible, configurable, and cost-effective solution for evaluating GNSS receiver anti-jamming performance, while avoiding the complexity and high cost of commercial jamming equipment.

A suppression jamming experimental platform was designed and implemented using GNU Radio and HackRF hardware. It features a modular architecture comprising parameter configuration, jamming signal generation, signal selection, waveform monitoring, and radio frequency (RF) transmission modules. Four representative suppression jamming waveforms were generated: continuous wave, frequency-swept, pulse, and band-limited Gaussian noise jamming. Jamming parameters such as center frequency, sweep characteristics, pulse repetition pattern, and output power could be configured via software interfaces. To verify signal generation accuracy, a spectrum analyzer and oscilloscope were used to evaluate the frequency-domain characteristics and pulse-modulation timing performance of the generated signals. The platform was further integrated into a wired-loop test environment, enabling direct injection of jamming signals into the RF input of GNSS receivers. This configuration provides a repeatable and controllable testing environment, eliminating uncertainties caused by wireless propagation. To assess jamming effectiveness, comparative experiments were conducted between the proposed low-cost SDR platform and a commercial high-cost jammer under identical test conditions. The carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N₀) variation and attenuation characteristics of the receiver were selected as the primary evaluation metrics. In addition, dynamic interference experiments were performed to investigate platform performance under motion conditions and evaluate its capabilities in continuous jamming signal generation.

Experimental verification demonstrated that the generated suppression jamming signals exhibit spectral characteristics and temporal behaviors consistent with theoretical design expectations. Measured center frequencies, bandwidths, sweep patterns, and pulse timing parameters showed good agreement with configured values, confirming the accuracy of signal generation and modulation processes. Comparative testing indicated that the proposed SDR platform and the commercial jammer produced similar interference effects on GNSS receivers. Within the GPS L1 frequency band and over a jammer-to-signal ratio range of 30–60 dB, both systems resulted in nearly identical trends of receiver C/N₀ degradation. As interference intensity increased, both platforms progressively deteriorated signal quality, eventually leading to receiver tracking failure and signal loss-of-lock. The observed attenuation characteristics and loss-of-lock thresholds exhibited strong consistency between the two jamming sources. Dynamic experiments further demonstrated that the proposed platform can continuously generate stable suppression jamming signals during motion without considerable frequency drift or power fluctuation. The platform effectively degraded receiver tracking performance and maintained stable interference throughout the test. These results verify the reliability and practicality of the proposed system for dynamic anti-jamming experiments.

A low-cost SDR-based suppression jamming experimental platform was successfully developed and validated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed platform accurately generates multiple suppression jamming waveforms, achieving interference effects comparable to commercial high-cost jammers in the GPS L1 band. The platform offers several advantages, including low implementation cost, flexible architecture, convenient software configuration, and strong scalability. By supporting various suppression jamming modes and providing stable operation in both static and dynamic environments, it serves as an effective experimental tool for evaluating GNSS receiver anti-jamming performance, analyzing interference mechanisms, and other applications in navigation research.