In this article, propoxate and isopropoxate were reported for the first time as drug substitutes. In order to systematically explore the structural characteristics of the propyl derivatives of etomidate, propoxate and isopropoxate were synthesized. Liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze etomidate, propoxate and isopropoxate, respectively. The structural commonalities and differences of etomidate, propoxate and isopropoxate were compared. The similarities and differences of the three substances in chromatography, mass spectrometry and spectrum were analyzed. The ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were used to compare the retention times of the three substances. In the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, ethyl of etomidate, propyl of propoxate and isopropyl of isopropoxate have significant differences in the chemical shift regions δ=0-5 ppm of ¹H NMR, and δ=10-70 ppm of ¹³C NMR. In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, three substances can be quickly distinguished through fragment ion m/z 216.1 and molecular ion peaks. In ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, three substances can be distinguished by comparing the quasi-molecular ion peaks of the primary mass spectrum and the abundance ratio of the fragment peaks of the secondary ion mass spectrum. The proposed fragmentation pattern of the three substances in the electron ionization of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in the electrospray Ionization of ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were studied. Analyzing the distinct peaks in infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectra is challenging because the characteristics of peaks of FT-IR spectra and Raman spectra are complex. However, creating a database for the pure substances of the three substances enables direct comparison of spectral libraries. These studies provide fundamental data characterization for forensic toxicology and similar fields, providing technical support for law enforcement to identify substitutes of etomidate.