In recent years, fire accidents in hazardous chemical warehouses have occurred frequently, often triggering secondary incidents such as explosions and toxic substance leaks. These accidents not only result in catastrophic losses of life and property but also release hazardous pollutants and toxic gases during high-temperature processes, posing severe threats to the ecological environment. Therefore, advancing fire scene investigation techniques for such incidents is crucial for accurately determining fire causes, preventing similar accidents, enhancing emergency response efficiency, and formulating effective safety measures. This paper introduces the characteristics and underlying causes of fire accidents in hazardous chemical warehouses, and provides a comprehensive review of recent research progress in fire scene investigation techniques. By offering insights into standardized investigative methods, this study aims to strengthen theoretical foundations and provide practical guidance for improving emergency response strategies and mitigating the risk of future occurrences.