The distribution and degradation of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINACA of alkyl formyl indazoles in rats were explored in this paper. Through previous animal studies, it was found that the metabolic markers of ADB-BUTINACA in rats were dealkylation metabolic markers: N-(1-aminoformyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-indazole-3-formamide (hereinafter referred to as A1) and hydrolytic metabolic marker: 3,3-dimethyl-2- [1-Butyl-1H-indazole-3-formamido] butyric acid (hereinafter referred to as A2). An intoxication model of rat administered with ADB-BUTINACA by gavage established by simulating oral administration of cannabis products, and the concentration of ADB-BUTINACA and metabolic markers A1 and A2 in tissues, blood, urine and feces were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and the distribution and degradation of ADB-BUTINACA and metabolic markers in rats were monitored. The results showed that ADB-BUTINACA was rapidly metabolized and distributed in various tissues and blood after entering the rat body, and showed different regularity of distribution and degradation within 12 hours. In the monitoring of urine and feces collected within 1 to 10 days, ADB-BUTINACA and its metabolic markers were detected only in a small amount of urine, while they were all detected in feces collected within 24 to 72 hours. The rat intoxication model established in this study monitors the distribution and degradation of ADB-BUTINACA and metabolic markers in rats, providing scientific basis and data reference for the test of ADB-BUTINACA in vivo.