Publications
Article type
Sort:
Open Access Article Issue
Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Osteosarcoma Tumor-Immune Dynamics
Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2026, 147(3): 27
Published: 30 June 2026
Abstract PDF (6 MB) Collect
Downloads:0

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in pediatric populations. This work presents an extended Physics-Informed Neural Network framework that incorporates interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) as a fifth biological variable, complementing previous four-variable formulations with an explicit cytokine-mediated macrophage activation pathway. The model couples five biological fields with mechanical tissue response through Biot’s poroelastic theory over a two-dimensional domain. Four distinct initial macrophage distributions were investigated. Numerical stability was achieved across all scenarios, with total loss values between 0.056 and 0.158 and mechanical residuals below 3.2×105. The boundary-concentrated configuration yielded the lowest biological loss. Predicted dynamics are biologically consistent, exhibiting initial immune-mediated suppression followed by progressive macrophage depletion. Comparison of the four scenarios suggests that spatial co-localization between macrophages and tumor boundaries enhances early immune-tumor contact via pressure-driven advection, while sustained immune engagement leads to measurable macrophage exhaustion. Temporal stiffness introduced by the rapid interferon-gamma decay was managed through curriculum learning and adaptive loss weighting.

Total 1