Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is an immune disease that occurs in the eye after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and seriously affects the vision and quality of life of patients. Current treatment modalities are inadequate, and new treatment options and targets are required to improve the therapeutic efficacy of oGVHD. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that exosomes, as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication, have important research value in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of oGVHD. This article reviews the research progress on exosomes from different sources of oGVHD.