Based on the data of residential land supply in China's land market network from 2010 to 2021, the development trend, the spatial pattern evolution characteristics and the influencing factors of residential land prices in prefecture-level and above cities in China are explored using statistical analysis, spatial analysis and spatial Durbin model. Results show that: ① The level of residential land prices in Chinese cities has shown an upward trend to varying degrees during the research period, the disparity of residential land prices among cities also has been widening, and it has shown obvious characteristics of phased changes; ② There are significant spatial differentiation characteristics and spatial agglomeration characteristics of residential land prices in Chinese cities, the residential land prices are higher in east areas than the west, the higher the administrative level of a city, the higher the level of residential land prices, roughly showing the gradient distribution pattern of municipalities directly under the Central Government >sub-provincial cities >capital cities >other prefecture-level cities, the high-level areas are concentrated in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration areas; ③Urban residential land prices are the result of the interplay of economic, social, demographic, public facilities and real estate investment factors in the city, and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on the city and neighboring cities have different directions and degrees of influence, which results a significant spatial heterogeneity in urban residential land prices. The study is helpful to identify the spatial distribution of urban residential land prices in China, to explain the impact of land price factors on residential land prices and differences, and to provide reference for the formulation of differential regulation policies.