Aimed at the domestic shortcomings such as the late start of user-based special load spectrum measurement, the mission profile determined based on the training syllabus at that time, the inability to timely provide the measured load spectrum for full-aircraft fatigue testing, and the failure to adjust the load spectrum in a timely manner with changes in the actual aircraft operation conditions, this paper proposes an aircraft load spectrum compilation method based on maneuvering action recognition of full-envelope prototype flight test. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the characteristic parameters of maneuvering actions, the maneuvering actions in the full-envelope flight test data are identified, and a full-envelope maneuvering action database is constructed. Secondly, the typical mission profile is determined based on the aircraft design and operation conditions or the training syllabus, and the mission profile is decomposed into maneuvering actions. Thirdly, according to the composition of maneuvering actions and the range of key parameters in each mission profile, appropriate action segments are selected from the maneuvering action data-base constructed from the full-envelope flight test in accordance with the equal damage principle to form equivalent mission profile sorties. Finally, the load spectrum compilation is carried out. This method, which realizes full-envelope actual measurement during the prototype flight test phase, can not only timely provide a measured load spectrum with higher reliability for the full-aircraft fatigue test, but also adjust the load spectrum in a timely manner according to changes in the aircraft operation conditions.