The vibration parameter-based bridge inspection method was proposed under the coupling effect of aircraft and bridge, aiming at the health bearing performance of taxiway bridge under the compound effect of earthquake, aircraft load, and damage grading coupling field. The aircraft-taxiway bridge coupling vibration damage model was set up through the finite element simulation and on-site experiment; the model parameters were adjusted according to the measured data, and the error of the model was controlled within 7%. Input the adjusted seismic wave, simulate the mechanical properties of the taxiway bridge under different aircraft load, damage degree and seismic load, establish the vibration performance analysis model of taxiway bridge under multi-field coupling, and realize the assessment of the mechanical properties of the bridge's healthy bearing. Two working conditions were selected to verify the feasibility of the model. The aforementioned study findings will offer a crucial theoretical foundation and point of reference for the identification and assessment of taxiway bridges using vibration characteristics.