Traditional image sensors face inherent trade-offs among accuracy, power consumption, and hardware complexity in dynamic recognition tasks. Drawing inspiration from the tetrachromatic vision of reindeer, we report a Ga₂O₃/TiO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x neuromorphic optoelectronic sensor. The defect-rich TiO₂ interlayer, formed via native oxidation of 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, constructs a Type-II heterojunction with Ga₂O₃, dramatically boosting photogenerated carrier separation. The device exhibits multi-level photoresponses across four wavelengths (254-638 nm) and faithfully emulates key synaptic behaviors, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and spike-rate-dependent plasticity (SRDP). Based on a 20 × 20 array, we develop a dual-band (UV-visible) hybrid motion-perception system. Capitalizing on the pronounced conductance plasticity, this system effectively encodes spatial and temporal optical information. When coupled with a convolutional neural network, it achieves a remarkable 95.7% accuracy in recognizing complex trajectories, significantly outperforming conventional architectures. This work provides a versatile materials platform for broadband neuromorphic photodetection and paves the way for high-precision machine vision in complex environments.

The ion concentrations in body fluids modulate synaptic dynamics, which in turn modify perceptual capabilities and promote adaptive responses to environmental challenges. Therefore, to realize ion-concentration-modulated nanofluidic synapses is of great significance for the development of intelligent devices with environmental adaptability. We propose an ion-concentration-modulated nanofluidic memristor featuring asymmetric nanochannels based on graphene oxide (GO)/MXene composites. The Ti–O–C bonds formed between GO and MXene significantly enhance the structural stability of the thin film in water (> 40 days); these results build a strong foundation for the development of nanofluidic memristors with long-term stability. At low K⁺ ion concentrations (10⁻⁶ M), the device exhibits typical biological synaptic plasticity behaviors with strong temporal correlation, which disappear at high K⁺ ion concentrations (10⁻² M). Such an ion-concentration-modulated memristive mechanism can be attributed to the cation-π interactions between potassium ions and the material, whose concentration-dependent changes regulate surface charge and cation selectivity in the nanochannels, resulting in distinct electrical behaviors. Moreover, the dynamic neural regulation function during the predation process is demonstrated in the ion-concentration-modulated nanofluidic memristor-based neuromorphic system. This work offers a new strategy for the development of advanced functional neuromorphic devices by introducing ion concentration sensitivity for environment-adaptive dynamic perception.