Shale oil and gas differ greatly in reservoir characteristics and accumulation mechanisms. This work compares the enrichment characteristics of marine and continental shale oil and gas, and systematically summarizes targeted green-efficient exploitation technologies for shale resources. Two quantitative theoretical models are established, namely the multi-field coupling accumulation model for shale gas and the nanoconfinement synergistic conversion model for shale oil. The integrated framework provides theoretical support for the differentiated low-carbon development of shale oil and gas and facilitates the achievement of dual carbon goals. Future research directions regarding mechanism study, technological innovation, and green evaluation systems are also prospected.