Jupiter exploration represents a strategic frontier in deep space missions. Its orbit is subject to strong perturbations and rapid temporal variations within an unknown space environment, posing severe challenges to the precision and reliability of spacecraft attitude control. Traditional model-free adaptive control relies on error feedback, inherently suffering from time delay. Existing neural network adaptive schemes tightly couple intelligent models with control laws and stability proofs, making them difficult to adapt to the rapid iteration pace of AI technologies and lacking theoretical guidelines for universal safety integration. To address this, this paper proposes a universal neural network prediction-enhanced hybrid intelligent attitude control framework for spacecraft (applicable to all prediction networks). Through a decoupled dual-channel design, an independent neural network feedforward channel achieves active prediction compensation for unknown disturbances, overcoming the latency bottleneck of traditional methods. A model reference adaptive feedback channel ensures the global stability of the closed-loop system. Based on Lyapunov theory, this paper rigorously proves the system’s globally consistent ultimate bounded stability. Crucially, this stability conclusion is independent of the prediction model’s internal structure, requiring only bounded prediction error to achieve “plug-and-play” model adaptability. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this framework significantly enhances system transient performance under fast-transient, strong disturbances, establishing a new technological paradigm for high-precision, high-reliability attitude control of spacecraft in Jupiter’s extreme environments.

To enhance the air–water adaptability of the aerial-aquatic vehicles (AAVs), an improved tandem twin-rotor AAV design is proposed based on the characteristics and application requirements of air–water cross-domain movement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate the underwater cruising state and dynamic water entry process of the tandem twin-rotor AAV. Results indicate that the underwater cruise resistance of the improved tandem twin-rotor AAV is relatively small. Among them, the two sets of tandem air power systems account for a relatively large proportion of the underwater drag, about 29.8%, while the drag reduction achieved by improving the head shape is around 15.4%. The head shape, water entry angle and speed have a great influence on the water entry trajectory and attitude of the tandem twin-rotor AAV. Following improvement, the tandem twin-rotor AAV demonstrates an enhancement in reducing the deviation of the water entry trajectory, mitigating water surface ricochet and enhancement of water entry depth to a certain extent. The inclination angle should be in the range of 20–30° to alleviate unfavorable outcomes, including prolonged water entry time caused by water surface ricochet at lower entry angles, while concurrently mitigating the heightened impact pressure resulting from steeper entry angles. Higher entry velocities lead to greater impact pressures, necessitating careful consideration of water entry depth and impact pressure to prevent adverse effects on structural integrity.