All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as promising candidates for developing high-performance sensing platforms, owing to their superior electrical and photophysical properties. However, the high-temperature synthesis and instability in polar solvent limit their practical application in water-phase environments, such as food safety monitoring. Herein, a versatile one-pot room temperature approach for the synthesis of molecular imprinted polymer-coated CsPbBr₃ quantum dots (CsPbBr₃@MIP) sol-gel method was presented. A highly luminescent PQDs was fabricated via a room temperature reaction and employed as a signal transducer, while the in-situ grown molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) acted as both protective shells and recognition units. Compared to bare CsPbBr₃ quantum dots, CsPbBr₃@MIP nanocomposites demonstrated an enhanced fluorescence stability and selectivity for ciprofloxacin (CIP). The green fluorescence (FL) emission of CsPbBr₃@MIP at 520 nm is quenched by CIP, enabling the development of a turn-off sensor for CIP detection. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the CsPbBr₃@MIP showed a strong linear correlation with CIP concentration in a wide range of 0.05–10.00 mg/L, and the limit of detection was as low as 0.03 mg/L. The relative standard deviation of 5 replicate determination for 1.0 mg/L CIP was 3.5%. Electron transfer between CIP and CsPbBr₃@MIP was asserted to be the primary FL quenching mechanism. The CsPbBr₃@MIP sensor was successfully applied to detect CIP in fresh fishes, yielding satisfactory recoveries of 91.3%–111.5% and high accuracy verified with the standard HPLC method.

Rationally engineered mixed‑dimensional heterostructures enable synergistic and interfacial effects that are inaccessible to single components. Here we construct a 2D/1D/3D Ti₃C₂T_x/MWCNTs‑COOH/UiO‑66 nanohybrid and deploy it as an electrocatalytic interface for the differential‑pulse‑voltammetric (DPV) detection ofloxacin in aquatic foods. In this architecture, 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene acts as a highly conductive scaffold, while 1D carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) are intercalated between MXene sheets to suppress restacking and build rapid electron pathways. The 3D metal-organic framework UiO-66, is anchored onto the MXene/MWCNTs network, providing abundant adsorption and recognition sites. resulting in hybrid materials with superior electrocatalytic activity. The mixed‑dimensional heterointerfaces promote fast charge transport and strong ofloxacin preconcentration. Under optimized conditions, the Ti₃C₂T_x/MWCNTs-COOH/UiO-66 modified electrochemical sensor demonstrated excellent performance for ofloxacin detection, delivering the wide linear range (0.04–50.0 μmol/L) and a low limit of detection of 0.018 μmol/L (S/N = 3). The sensor also exhibits excellent anti-interference, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. Recoveries of 95.9%~110.0% and the agreement with a reference HPLC method in real samples analysis, substantiate its practical utility for monitoring ofloxacin residues in aquatic foods. This work illustrates a generalizable route to leverage mixed‑dimensional MXene/MOF architectures for signal amplification in electrochemical antibiotic sensing.