Aiming to clarify the critical supporting role of soluble phosphorus (P) in marine atmospheric aerosol deposition on the growth of phytoplankton in surface seawater, this study focuses on elucidating the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of aerosol P concentration and solubility in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, in this study, 53 atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) samples collected during five shared cruises in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea during 2013-2018 were used to analyze the concentrations of total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP), and to investigate the characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions of the P concentration and solubility in the aerosol, as well as the effects of the source of the air mass and the atmospheric acidification process. The results show that the atmospheric aerosol concentrations of TP in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea range from 1.5 to 135.2 ng/m³, the concentrations of DP range from 1.3 to 39.9 ng/m³, and the solubility of P ranges from 12.5% to 88.9%. P concentration and solubility showed significant spatial and temporal distributions.TP concentration showed the characteristics of spring>autumn>summer, DP showed the characteristics of spring and autumn were basically equivalent and both significantly higher than summer, while P solubility was summer>autumn>spring. The spatial distribution shows that the atmospheric TP and DP concentrations in the Bohai Sea are higher than those in the Yellow Sea, but the P solubility is lower than that in the Yellow Sea. The source of air masses and atmospheric acidification are important factors for this spatial and temporal distribution. The TP concentration is the highest in aerosols from northern continental sources and under the influence of sand and dust (NCS-DS), while the DP concentration is higher in aerosols under the influence of northern continental sources (both sand and dust and non-sand NCS-NDS) than that under the influence of marine sources (MS) and southern continental sources (SCS), and the P solubility is MS>SCS>NCS-NDS>NCS-DS. Atmospheric acidification effects can increase P solubility in aerosols by 10%~27%.