We study an explicit finite difference approximation for the one-dimensional heat equation with purely integral conditions. The integral constraints are discretized by the trapezoidal rule, which yields explicit formulas for the boundary values at each time level and leads to a dense iteration matrix for the interior unknowns. The scheme is written in matrix form, its local truncation error is estimated, and a stability-convergence statement is established under a natural power-boundedness assumption on the full iteration matrix. Numerical experiments are reported for both stable and unstable time steps. In particular, a fixed-final-time convergence study confirms the expected first-order behavior with respect to the time step when
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Open Access
Research Article
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AIMS Mathematics 2026, 11(5): 13632-13646
Published: 15 May 2026
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