In this study, mathematical models for the motion and force analysis of the important components of miniature rolling piston compressors, such as sliders and rolling rotors, are established. Using the calculation formula for the friction losses of main friction pairs, this study analyzes the proportion of friction losses of the main friction pairs in a miniature rolling piston compressor and compares the distribution of friction losses with that of conventional rolling piston compressors in air conditioners. The effects of discharge pressure and structural parameters on the friction loss of the main friction pairs of the compressor are subsequently investigated. The results show that compared with the conventional rolling piston compressor used in air conditioners, the miniature rolling piston compressor has higher piston rotation speed. Moreover, the proportion of friction loss between the sliding plate and the sliding plate groove increases by 9.5% while the proportion of friction loss between the main and auxiliary bearings decreases by 16.1%. The total friction power consumption of the compressor increases by 13.5% as the discharge pressure increases from 1070 kPa to 1470 kPa. The total friction power consumption increases by 3.1% as the thickness of the sliding plate increases from 1 mm to 3 mm. The eccentricity of the miniature rolling piston compressor increases from 0.08 to 0.18, resulting in a 69.7% rise in total friction power consumption. Meanwhile, the aspect ratio of the miniature rolling piston compressor increases from 0.25 to 0.5, resulting in a 10% reduction in total friction power consumption. The appropriate eccentricity range for miniature rolling rotor compressors is 0.08-0.18. The research results can provide a reference for the design and structural parameter optimization of miniature rolling piston compressors.