As one method to improve the poor thermal conductivity of porous adsorption materials, metals and carbon-containing materials with high thermal conductivity are utilized in the adsorbent aluminum phosphate. Copper powder, aluminum powder metal particles, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were added to SFO aluminum phosphate (Al PO-SFO) in three different mass fractions (10%, 20%, and 30%). The effects of these different high-thermal-conductivity materials with different mass fractions on the adsorption and refrigeration performances of aluminum phosphate and thermal conductivity characteristics of the composite adsorbents were studied. The experimental results showed that the GNPs were the most effective thermal additives for the SFO aluminum phosphate adsorbents. Adding mass fractions of 30% GNPs reduced the adsorption capacity by 37% and increased the thermal conductivity by 216%.