To explore the efficacy of goal management training (GMT) on core symptoms and mental status in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattentive type.

Delphi method was used to construct a GMT program for college students with inattentive ADHD. Then, totally 68 college students with inattentive ADHD were recruited through advertisements published by hospitals and universities (Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, and 3 universities in Chongqing from March to June 2024. The subjects were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=34) and a control group (n=34). The intervention group received GMT for 2 h, once a week, for 7 weeks, and the control group did not receive training for the time being. The 2 groups were evaluated within 1 week before and in 7 weeks after intervention by using Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Dysregulation of Emotions Rating Scale (DERS), Generalized Anxiety Disorde-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).

① The expert authority coefficient (Cr) of 2 rounds of expert consultation was 0.83, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and 95%, respectively, the Kendall’s coordination coefficient was 0.081 (P<0.01) and 0.226 (P<0.01), and the coefficient of variation was <0.3, indicating the results of the expert consultation were reliable. The constructed GMT program includes 1 first-level indicator, 7 second-level indicators, and 20 third-level indicators. ② After 7 weeks of GMT intervention, the interaction between the 2 groups and time showed that the experimental group obtained significant improvements than the control group in terms of inattention symptoms (Wald Chi-square=28.35, P<0.001), dysregulation of emotions (Wald Chi-square=23.81, P<0.001), anxiety (Wald Chi-square=22.79, P<0.001), depression (Wald Chi-square=20.52, P<0.001), self-compassion (Wald Chi-square=9.36, P<0.01), and life satisfaction (Wald Chi-square=3.97, P<0.05).

GMT intervention can significantly improve the core symptoms of college students with inattentive ADHD, reduce anxiety and depression levels, enhance their emotion regulation and self-compassion abilities, and improve their life satisfaction.

To develop a group psychological training program to cultivate a sense of meaning in life for retired soldiers during the transitional period, and to explore the efficacy of the training.

A psychological training program for retired soldiers during the transitional period was developed based on Delphi method. A total of 64 retired soldiers who participated in a retirement training in transitional period were subjected through cluster sampling in a certain city in Shandong province and assigned into a training group (n=31) and a control group (n=33). The training group attended group psychological training based on the developed training program (twice a week, 1.5~2 h each time, for 4 weeks), and the control group received routine adaptive training for retirement. Purpose in Life (PIL) Test, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Adaptability Scale (SAS) were used to survey the participants before (T1), and at the end of (T2) and 1 month after the training (T3).

① The results of 2 rounds of expert consultation showed that the coefficient of authority (Cr) was 0.89, and the Kendall's coefficient (ω) of the 2 rounds was 0.134 and 0.204, respectively (P < 0.001), with a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.05 to 0.14. The prepared group psychological training program consisted of 3 first-level indexes, 6 second-level indexes, and 24 third-level indexes. ② The results of the interaction between group and time after training showed that the training group had significantly higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life, and increased total score of social adaptability, but lower total score of perceived stress when compared with the control group (all P < 0.001). ③ The results of group main effect after training indicated that obviously higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life (P < 0.01), elevated total score of social adaptability (P < 0.01), and reduced total score of perceived stress (P < 0.001) were observed in the training group than the control group. ④ The results of the post-training time main effect revealed that the training group had notably higher total score and score of each dimension in sense of meaning in life (P < 0.05), increased total score of social adaptability (P < 0.001), and decreased total score of perceived stress (P < 0.001) when compared with the control group.

Our developed group psychological training can significantly improve the sense of meaning in life, reduce perceived stress and improve their social adaptation ability for retired soldiers during the transitional period.