The life-course management of children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has focused on demonstrating brain structural alterations, developmental trajectories, and cognition-related changes that unfold over time.

We introduce an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset comprising TOF children who underwent brain MRI scanning and cross-sectional neurocognitive follow-up. The dataset includes brain three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging (3D-T1WI), three-dimensional T2-weighted imaging (3D-T2WI), and neurodevelopmental evaluations using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV).

Thirty-one children with TOF (age range: 4–33 months; 18 males) were recruited and completed corrective surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Aiming to promote the neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with TOF, we have meticulously curated a comprehensive dataset designed to dissect the complex interplay among risk factors, neuroimaging findings, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

This article aims to introduce our open-source dataset on neurodevelopment in children with TOF, which covers the data types, data acquisition and processing methods, the procedure for accessing the data, and related publications.