This paper establishes unilateral and bilateral impulsive control frameworks based on a modified Leslie–Gower model with dual Allee effects. The existence and orbital stability of order-1 and order-2 periodic solutions are proved by differential equation geometric theory. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results, and bifurcation diagrams reveal parameter-dependent dynamical properties. Unilateral control can prevent prey extinction caused by the Allee effect or suppress excessive prey growth, thereby avoiding predator outbreaks and the resulting prey loss. In contrast, bilateral control precisely keeps prey and predator populations within reasonable ecological thresholds, and achieves stable population persistence as well as sustainable utilization of ecological resources.

Over-exploitation of natural resources poses cascading challenges to the environment, economy, and public health. To mitigate these adverse impacts and achieve long-term ecological and socioeconomic balance, sustainable development strategies are imperative. Thus, in this paper, we developed a predator-prey model with state-dependent impulsive control, grounded in the weighted escapement policy, to regulate resource harvesting more realistically. We investigated the model's dynamical behaviors, focusing on the existence and stability of semi-trivial and order-1 periodic solutions. To enhance economic viability while ensuring sustainability, an optimization problem was formulated to maximize long-term profits via optimal harvesting schemes. Finally, numerical simulations validated the theoretical results, quantified the optimal harvesting level and weight parameter of the weighted escapement policy, and provided actionable insights for practical resource management.