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On I C Φ c -subgroups of finite groups
AIMS Mathematics 2025, 10(10): 23337-23345
Published: 14 October 2025
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In group theory, the study of how the properties of specific subgroups affect group structure is a research field that remains highly active. For a finite group G and its subgroup S, if S [ S , G ] Φ ( S ) S c G for some C A P-subgroup S c G S of G, we define S as an I C Φ c -subgroup of G. This paper investigates how I C Φ c -subgroups impact finite group structure, yielding novel theorems that generalize prior work and enrich the theory of group structure. Specifically, we establish the following main theorems: (1) Let P G be a p-group of order p n . Suppose there exists an integer k with 1 k < n such that: (i) all subgroups of P of order p k are I C Φ c -subgroups of G; (ii) if p k = 2, then all subgroups of order 4 are also I C Φ c -subgroups of G. Then P Z U ( G ). (2) Given a solvably saturated formation F U , let N G with G / N F . Suppose for each non-cyclic P S y l p ( F ( N ) ), where p is an arbitrary prime in π ( F ( N ) ), the conditions of (1) hold. Then G F .

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