Optimizing the disaster resilience governance system of megacities is a key measure to address the increasingly severe risk of typhoon and rainstorm disasters at present. Taking Shanghai as a case study, this paper constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of policy tools-themes-objectives, conducts systematic coding and multi-dimensional analysis of 23 policy texts, and analyzes the structural characteristics and resource allocation logic of the current resilience governance policies for typhoon and rainstorm disasters. The study finds that Shanghai has formed a policy model featuring government leadership, engineering priority and prevention orientation, which is reflected in the dominance of supply-side tools, the focus of resilience construction on infrastructure and management systems, and the inclination of policy attention to the pre-disaster stage. This model adapts to the governance needs of megacities and possesses strong shock resistance under conventional disasters. From the perspective of the advanced requirements of whole-cycle systematic resilience governance, the model still has room for phased optimization: there is a path dependence on government leadership in the tool dimension, the refined construction of social and economic soft resilience still has room for deepening in the theme dimension, and the post-disaster recovery, experience transformation efficiency and regular improvement mechanism still need to be improved in the process dimension. Based on these findings, it is proposed to optimize the combination of policy tools, balance the structure of resilience construction, and strengthen full-cycle governance.