In the field of forensic appraisal, traditional document examination techniques have been questioned for their excessive reliance on personal experience and subjective judgment. With the increasingly stringent standards for evidence, there is an urgent need for more scientific and objective methods for document examination to meet the requirements of the times. Quantitative analysis technology has brought a new perspective to forensic document examination. It integrates theories and methods from statistics, mathematics, computer science, and other disciplines, and adopts probabilistic and data-driven expressions, thus providing a referable paradigm for document examination. Based on clarifying the common logic of quantitative analysis methods used in various document examination techniques, this article combed through the cutting-edge progress and development of six specific fields, including handwriting identification, linguistic recognition, printed document examination and so on. Existing limitations in each field were analyzed and development suggestions were put forward. Moreover, this article discussed the status and prospects of applying artificial intelligence in document examination. The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical support and practical reference for promoting the scientific and intelligent development of document examination.