Aviation cockpit transparency is the key structural-functional component of aircrafts, and its manufacturing technology represents a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field. Regarding the current research status in this field, this paper systematically reviews the development history and current technical state of advanced aviation transparent materials and transparency technology. The paper provides a detailed summary of research achievements in aviation transparent materials, molding technologies for single-layer and multilayer composite transparencies, functional film systems for transparency and electrochromic technology. Finally, this paper provides an outlook on the development trends of advanced aviation transparent materials and transparency.