In this research, we introduced dual numerical frameworks for stochastic time-fractional partial differential equations (STFPDEs) driven by additive white noise. The sifted Vieta–Fibonacci polynomials (SVFPs) and the ten non-polynomial cubic spline (TNPCS) approach are the foundation for our spectral-spline frameworks. The suggested methods were used to solve two STFPDEs: The nonlinear STF Burger's equation and the linear STF heat equation, and they approximated stochastic trajectories with high precision. This analysis showed a substantial decrease in variance, and the mean profile remained constant despite stochastic effects. The key contribution of this paper is the introduction of two separate spectral-spline numerical approaches derived from the SVFPs and the TNPCS formulations for handling stochastic fractional models. By applying each approach independently and comparing their results side by side, the study provides clearer insight into their numerical performance, stability, and practical usefulness in simulating stochastic fractional dynamics. All computations were implemented using Mathematica 12 and Jupyter Notebook, which ensured the validity, dependability, and reliability of our algorithms against noise propagation.