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Structure theory for a characterization of the metric dimension of graphs
AIMS Mathematics 2026, 11(3): 6019-6029
Published: 15 March 2026
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Characterizing simple connected graphs of order n having metric dimension n 2, solved by Chartrand et al. [Resolvability in graphs and the metric dimension of a graph, Discrete Appl. Math. 105 (2000), 99-113], is a foundational result in the study of metric dimension. This article presents a refined proof for the non-bipartite case of the original theorem. While this work does not present a new characterization result, its primary contribution is methodological: We reframe the original's lengthy case-by-case elimination argument as a series of standalone lemmas, which we use to formally establish the structural properties that such a graph must satisfy. Building upon these properties, we then provide a direct, constructive proof demonstrating that the graph structure is necessarily the join of a complete and empty graph. This method offers a more elegant argument for this important characterization and also provides a clearer understanding of why this specific graph family emerges.

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