The aim is to find all of the minimum leader set for chain graphs. By analyzing the subgraph structure rather than the eigenvectors, minimal perfect critical vertex sets (MPCS) of chain graph are found. It is proved that there is one and only one MPCS in chain graph (CG) (1, 1, ⋯, 1; 1, 1, ⋯, 1), and it is a 4-MPCS. Based on this, all the minimum leader sets of the chain graph are given.
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Open Access
Research Article
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AIMS Mathematics 2026, 11(3): 7766-7778
Published: 15 March 2026
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