Age-related hearing loss is a common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, with significant public health implications, emphasizing the urgent need for identifying novel therapeutic targets. This study seeks to uncover potential novel therapeutic targets for ARHL by employing proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis.

This investigation employed a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization approach, utilizing publicly accessible data from GWAS and pQTL studies. Additionally, we performed phenome-wide association studies, enrichment analysis, protein network construction, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, colocalization analysis, drug repurposing predictions, and molecular docking simulations, all aimed at identifying more precise and targeted therapeutic strategies.

We identified six plasma proteins with genetically predicted causal effects on ARHL risk. GO analysis highlighted their predominant roles in key biological processes, including the regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration, negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion, and regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Additionally, important cellular components include smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic shaft. Follow-up phenome-wide association, protein network, single-cell transcriptomic, colocalization, drug repurposing, and molecular docking analyses provided convergent evidence supporting EEF2K, C1QTNF1, ATF6, JPH4, KIR2DL3, and MICB as promising therapeutic targets for ARHL, and identified four candidate compounds (Withaferin A, Cianidanol, Danthron, and adenosine triphosphate) for further therapeutic investigation.

Proteome-wide MR identified EEF2K, C1QTNF1, ATF6, JPH4, KIR2DL3, and MICB as candidate therapeutic targets for ARHL, offering new insights into target discovery. Focusing on these proteins may improve target prioritization and enhance the efficiency of drug development for ARHL.

Although LOXHD1 mutations have been increasingly implicated in late-onset hereditary hearing loss, the genetic spectrum and underlying molecular mechanisms in the Chinese population remain inadequately characterized. This study aims to delineate the genetic landscape of LOXHD1 in Chinese families with non-syndromic hearing loss and to determine the pathogenic significance of the identified variants.

In this study, we conducted targeted whole-exome sequencing along with Sanger sequencing on 157 probands with non-syndromic hearing loss, as well as their family members. We identified novel variants in the LOXHD1 gene. Additionally, we employed bioinformatic analyses to investigate the potential molecular functions of these variants.

In this study, potential causal variants were identified in 95 (60.51%) affected individuals and variants in SLC26A4 and GJB2 were most frequent in this cohort. we identified ten different variants in the LOXHD1 gene from five patients in their families. Among them, five novel LOXHD1 gene variants linked to hearing loss were recognized: c.3734G>A, c.4952T>A, c.4486C>T, c.6375G>C, and c.5002del. The pathogenicity of these variants was evaluated through multiple bioinformatics analyses. Notably, two patients with severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with LOXHD1 mutations showed significant improvement after cochlear implantation, attaining receptive and expressive language skills appropriate for their chronological age.

We have identified five novel variants of the LOXHD1 gene in Chinese family affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss. These findings enrich the current understanding of LOXHD1-related pathogenic variants and offer important implications for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal screening in hereditary hearing loss.