Graphdiyne (GDY) is a two-dimensional carbon allotrope constructed from both sp- and sp²-hybridized carbon atoms. Its -conjugated framework connected by butadiyne linkages combines regular nanopores, tunable electronic structures, and abundant chemically modifiable sites. Compared with pristine GDY, nitrogen-containing graphdiyne (N-GDY) provides diverse nitrogen configurations and, in metal-containing derivatives, metal–N coordination motifs; these features can redistribute local charge density, tune intermediate adsorption, and facilitate charge transport. Related composites combining polyoxometalates (POMs), molecular metal–oxo clusters with rich redox chemistry, and graphdiyne supports have been reported, whereas structurally defined POM/N-GDY interfaces remain less established. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in N-GDY and POM/graphdiyne interfacial systems, covering bottom-up monomer design, post-doping/functionalization strategies, and structural characterization. The applications of these materials in electrocatalysis (ORR, OER, HER, , NRR), energy storage, photocatalysis, sensing, and interfacial engineering are discussed. In N-GDY systems, the role of nitrogen is better understood in terms of site chemistry rather than overall doping level. Different N configurations, including pyridinic, imine-type, sp-N, sp²-N and metal-N coordination sites, can polarize adjacent sp/sp² carbon atoms, regulate intermediate adsorption, and alter interfacial charge-transfer pathways. For reported POM/graphdiyne hybrids and proposed POM/N-GDY interfaces, these effects may couple with POM–carbon interactions and thereby influence cluster retention, redox behavior, and catalytic stability. Finally, the remaining challenges related to precise nitrogen-site and POM-interface construction, scalable synthesis, in situ characterization, identification of true active sites, and device-level validation are discussed, together with possible future directions.

In order to extend the flowing duration and increase the efficiency of natural gas extraction of horizontal gas wells, high-energy foaming technique including authigenic N₂ compounds is developed in this paper. By comparative analysis, indoor testing and on-site testing, the optimized formulation of high-energy agent is screened and high effectiveness is proved by the on-site experiment. The results demonstrate that the N₂-type self-generated gas exhibits optimal properties in terms of aqueous solubility, pH, and foaming capacity among commonly used self-generated gases. Furthermore, the highly exothermic nature of the N₂-generating reactions and their by-products lead to significant alterations in the water quality of the experimental gas wells. Based on a comparison of the foaming properties of various agents, Gemini surfactant is selected as foaming agent. This high-energy foaming technique is applied to the on-site experiment and the gas production of the experiment horizontal gas well is significantly increased, better than the existing drainage technologies in the Yulin gas field. The experimental results show the daily average gas production is 4.71×10⁴ m³, and cumulative gas production is 37.60×10⁴ m³.