To address the challenges associated with the complex structure, poor sowing uniformity, and limited automation in plot breeding machinery, a double-row self-propelled wheat plot planter was designed, and an electronic control system was developed to manage plot seeding operations. This machine comprises the double-cone combined compartment tray-type seed-metering device, ditching and compacting device, self-propelled chassis device and electronic control system, which can complete the operation of ditching, seeding, and suppressing at one time. The electronic control system is centered around the STM32. The main method is to measure and control the operating speed of the seeder, then calculate the actual forward distance of the machine, and achieve automatic seed dropping in plots, fixed-length seeding, and control of the seed metering rotation speed. The optimization of the PID speed closed-loop feedback control algorithm, which precisely matches the rotational speed of the seed metering device with the operating speed of implement across different plot lengths, ensures accurate fixed-length seeding. The results of the soil trough test indicate that at an operating speed of 5 km/h and with the theoretical sowing length set to 2-8 m, the average control accuracy of actual plot sowing length exceeds 94%, and the variability coefficient of seeding depth is less than 10%. When the operating speed of seeder is 3-5 km/h, the coefficient of variation for seeding uniformity ranges from 26.18%-36.71%, remaining below 45%, thereby meeting the agronomic requirements for wheat plot seeding. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the design and optimization of wheat plot breeding trial equipment.

Aiming at the problems of unclear potato movement trajectory and serious force impact, this study took the potato bagging device with buffer roller as the object of research. Through single-factor experiments, it analyzed how the roll diameter, conveyor speed, feed amount, and size of the potato collection bag affected the force of potatoes. Based on the EDEM-RecurDyn coupled simulation, it applied the Box-Behnken experimental method to conduct a three-factor orthogonal experiment on the operating parameters of the device, which took the maximum compressive force of the potato and the maximum kinetic energy as the experimental indices, and took the roller diameter, conveying speed, and feeding amount as the experimental factors. Establishing a quadratic polynomial regression model by using Design Expert software, the regression model was optimized to obtain the best combination of parameters as follows: roll diameter was 212 mm, conveying speed was 0.9 m/s, and feeding amount was 30 t/h. The verification experiment was conducted by using a potato impact recording device, and the results showed that under the condition of the optimal parameter combination, the maximum compressive force of the electronic potato was 238.854 N when bagging, which was close to the theoretical value after parameter optimization, with an error of 5.40%. The rate of damage to potatoes and skin-breaking rate were 0.98% and 1.86%, respectively. The research results can provide support for the study of the motion trajectory, impact force characteristics, and loss reduction of potatoes during subsequent bagging operations.