Early colorectal cancer is often treated through endoscopic procedures to remove tumors. However, when initial removal is incomplete or shows high-risk features, further major surgery is required to ensure no cancer remains. This consensus provides a standard for surgeons to decide when and how to perform this additional surgery. A multidisciplinary group of Chinese medical experts reviewed global research and clinical evidence published between 2010 and 2024. The medical experts formulated key clinical recommendations, which were then discussed and finalized through expert voting to ensure high agreement. The consensus identifies specific high-risk factors necessitating additional surgery. The consensus recommends that these follow-up surgeries should ideally take place approximately 4 weeks after the first procedure. Furthermore, the consensus provides detailed protocols for marking the tumor location and selecting the best surgical approach. These consensuses offer a practical framework to improve the safety and effectiveness of treating early colorectal cancer. By standardizing surgical decisions, the consensus aims to help patients achieve better long-term recovery and quality of life.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose vitamin C exhibits selective anti-tumor effects, including “pro-oxidative cytotoxicity”, “anti-cancer epigenetic regulation”, and “immune modulation”. Consequently, vitamin C has reemerged as a promising anti-cancer therapy in the form of high-dose administration. Advancements in pharmacokinetic research have facilitated the development of clinical trials. Early clinical studies across various cancer types have confirmed the safety of high-dose vitamin C administered via intravenous injection. Moreover, its use as an adjuvant therapy in combination with standard treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has shown promising therapeutic potential. However, there remains a lack of consensus regarding optimal dosage, administration methods, tumor specificity, and patient selection. These factors have contributed to the inconsistent outcomes observed in phase Ⅱ clinical trials and have hindered the widespread conduct of phase Ⅲ trials. Without robust clinical evidence, high-dose vitamin C, despite being a non-toxic and promising anti-cancer agent, risks being “shelved” once again. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the anti-tumor mechanisms of high-dose vitamin C and a detailed analysis of preclinical and clinical studies investigating its role as an anti-cancer agent. Additionally, we explore emerging trends in high-dose vitamin C therapy for cancer treatment and offer recommendations for future research in this field.