In this study, based on the structural features of seven carbamate pesticides, a urea-functionalized magnetic covalent organic framework materials (COFs) was synthesized using 4’,5’-bis(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1’:2’,1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diamine (BATD) and 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene (PPDI) as monomers, and it was used as a sorbent for the magnetic solidphase extraction (MSPE) of carbamate pesticide residues. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful modification of the material onto Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The extraction conditions were optimized, and the MSPE material was coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to establish a sensitive and accurate method for the enrichment and detection of carbamate pesticide residues in honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica) and chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The analytical method demonstrated good linearity (R² > 0.9962) in the concentration range of 2–100 µg/kg, with recovery rates between 76.90% and 109.86%. The limits of detection were 0.03–0.6 µg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.1–2.0 µg/kg.