With its high design freedom and rapid prototyping capabilities, additive manufacturing (AM) offers significant advantages in manufacturing critical components with complex geometries for the aerospace and defense industries. Ti-6Al-4V alloy, leveraging its exceptional combination of low density, high specific strength, and creep resistance, are extensively employed in critical structures that are frequently subjected to impact loading in aerospace and defense systems. A thorough understanding of the mechanical properties and underlying mechanisms of the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy under static and dynamic loading is crucial for enhancing the service performance of these components. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the latest advancements in the mechanical response of AM Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys. Firstly, a brief overview of the classification and working principles of typical metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is provided. Subsequently, research efforts on the quasi-static tensile and dynamic compressive properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are systematically reviewed, followed by a comparative analysis of its mechanical performance against cast and forged Ti-6Al-4V components. Furthermore, the mechanisms of correlation between the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of typical metal additive manufactured titanium alloys. Additionally, the commonly used post-processing techniques to mitigate the anisotropic mechanical response of AM Ti-6Al-4V alloy under static loading are summarizes.