In this article, the Laplacian spectra of the RG-join weighted graphs and the related network indices named network coherence, kirchhoff index, and Laplacian-energy-like invariant are studied via algebraic graph theory and analysis approach. First, the Laplacian spectrum of the weighted RG-join graph is derived, then the union of graphs together with the RG-join operation are applied to form the weighted RG-join graphs with several classic substructures, and the mathematical characterizations for the indices are derived by the L-spectra. In addition, the related asymptotic results are also derived. It is found that, based on the RG-join weighted structure, when the cardinalities of all copy sets inner
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Article type
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Open Access
Theory Article
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AIMS Mathematics 2025, 10(8): 18183-18194
Published: 15 August 2025
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