The polysulfide shuttle effect and slow sulfur redox kinetics impede the practical use of lithium-sulfur batteries, whereas single-component catalysts often do not achieve the equilibrium between strong adsorption, high catalytic activity, and rapid charge transport. Conductive Mo spheres were in situ synthesized within the two-dimensional interlayers of MoB MBene by using the high-temperature aggregation properties of Mo. The resultant sheet-sphere heterostructure improves interlayer stability via a self-pillaring action and reveals deep catalytic sites in MoB MBene. More importantly, the incorporation of metallic Mo induces pronounced interfacial electronic coupling and charge redistribution at the Mo/MoB interface, thereby regulating the local electronic structure, facilitating interfacial electron transport, and promoting the adsorption and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides. The Mo-MoB based sulfur cathode provides a capacity of 1001.1 mAh g^-1 at 0.2 C and maintains 581.7 mAh g^-1 after 300 cycles. At 1 C, it retains 424.4 mAh g^-1 after 1000 cycles with a minimal decay rate of 0.041% per cycle. This study presents a novel approach for the development of high-performance Li-S batteries catalysts and the enhancement of MBene applications.

As the carrier of charge storage, the electrode determines the efficiency of the energy conversion reaction between the battery and the substance. However, with the continuous development of scientific research, electrode preparation is still facing complex technical problems, and it is difficult to achieve a balance in performance, cost, and technology. Based on the ion dissolution and deposition behavior of Mn²⁺/MnO₂ and Al³⁺/Al, a novel cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery is designed, which can contribute 15 mAh at 16 cm² in a voltage window of 0.5–1.8 V. The charge storage and the attenuation mechanism are systematically investigated. The battery model with compensable electrolyte was constructed, and the cycle characteristics of the cathode-free aqueous ion dissolution/deposition battery were optimized, which could achieve 1000 h continuous operation. This system provides a low-cost and high-safety solution for future high-energy density and large-scale energy storage. Future research will focus on optimizing electrolytes, controlling deposition morphology, and improving interface stability to further promote the commercialization of cathode-free batteries.