In the present article, we give the distance spectrum of the zero divisor graphs of the commutative rings ${\mathbb{Z}}_t[x]/⟨x^4⟩$ ( $t$ is any prime), ${\mathbb{Z}}_{t^2}[x]/⟨x^2⟩$ ( $t\ge 3$ is any prime) and ${\mathbb{F}}_t[u]/⟨u^3⟩$ ( $t$ is an odd prime), where ${\mathbb{Z}}_t$ is an integer modulo ring and ${\mathbb{F}}_t$ is a field. We calculated the inertia of these zero divisor graphs and established several sharp bounds for the distance energy of these graphs.