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The true twin classes-based investigation for connected local dimensions of connected graphs
AIMS Mathematics 2024, 9(4): 9435-9446
Published: 15 April 2024
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Let G be a connected graph of order n. The representation of a vertex v of G with respect to an ordered set W = { w 1 , w 2 , . . . , w k } is the k-vector r ( v | W ) = ( d ( v , w 1 ) , d ( v , w 2 ) , . . . , d ( v , w k ) ), where d ( v , w i ) represents the distance between vertices v and w i for 1 i k. An ordered set W is called a connected local resolving set of G if distinct adjacent vertices have distinct representations with respect to W, and the subgraph W induced by W is connected. A connected local resolving set of G of minimum cardinality is a connected local basis of G, and this cardinality is the connected local dimension cld ( G ) of G. Two vertices u and v of G are true twins if N [ u ] = N [ v ]. In this paper, we establish a fundamental property of a connected local basis of a connected graph G. We analyze the connected local dimension of a connected graph without a singleton true twin class and explore cases involving singleton true twin classes. Our investigation reveals that a graph of order n contains at most two non-singleton true twin classes when cld ( G ) = n 2. Essentially, our work contributes to the characterization of graphs with a connected local dimension of n 2.

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