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On the maximum Graovac-Pisanski index of bicyclic graphs
AIMS Mathematics 2023, 8(10): 24914-24928
Published: 15 October 2023
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For a simple graph G = ( V ( G ) , E ( G ) ), the Graovac-Pisanski index of G is defined as

G P ( G ) = | V ( G ) | 2 | A u t ( G ) | u V ( G ) α A u t ( G ) d G ( u , α ( u ) ) ,

where A u t ( G ) is the automorphism group of G and d G ( u , v ) is the length of a shortest path between the two vertices u and v in G. Obviously, G P ( G ) = 0 if G has no nontrivial automorphisms. Let B n 3 , 3 be the graph consisting of two disjoint 3-cycles with a path of length n 5 joining them. In this article, we prove that among all those n-vertex bicyclic graphs in which every edge lies on at most one cycle, B n 3 , 3 has the maximum Graovac-Pisanski index.

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